Dental service utilisation within the past year · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Professional dental service utilization was generally low, episodic, and pain driven.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Determinants of oral diseases · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Older age, lower education and income, poor oral hygiene, and disadvantaged residential setting were associated with oral diseases; directions varied across studies.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral disease prevalence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Oral disease prevalence was generally high and worse in slum settings where compared, but no meta-analysis was conducted.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
18 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral health practices · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Toothbrush and toothpaste use was common, but lower in disadvantaged or slum populations where compared.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
11 studies
GRADE not reported
Self-perceived (self-rated) oral health status · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Most participants reported positive perceptions of oral health, despite observed disease burden.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Ever utilised dental services · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Ever-use of dental services is low-to-moderate (17%-71%) and generally lower in slum/rural groups; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease prevalence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Periodontal disease prevalence is high (23%-99%) across LMIC urban/slum populations; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease affected all ages, was more pronounced in older groups, and ranged from 23% to 99%, generally higher than dental caries; bleeding gum/gingivitis contributed the largest component.
9 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental service utilisation within the past year · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Past-year dental service use varies widely (4%-72%); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Mean DMFT ranges from 0.26 to 16.6 across LMIC urban/slum populations; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental trauma prevalence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Dental trauma appears more common in urban and disadvantaged settings; ungraded, few studies.
1 finding from 1 review
Use of toothbrush and toothpaste for mouth cleaning · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Toothbrush/paste is the commonest cleaning method but is used less in slum/disadvantaged/rural groups than urban/non-slum groups; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Pattern of dental service utilisation and barriers · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Dental service use is low, episodic and pain-driven, with widespread self-care and cost/funding barriers; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Utilisation was generally low, episodic and mostly problem/pain-driven (pain-driven visits ~70-99%); widespread self-care/home remedies were used as alternatives to professional care; lack of funds/cost, income, age,…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Frequency of mouth cleaning · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Twice-daily cleaning (recommended) is uncommon; most clean once, in the morning; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral disease burden, slum vs non-slum urban comparison · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Where compared, oral disease burden is generally higher in slums than non-slum urban/national populations (5 studies; 1 found no difference); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries prevalence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Dental caries prevalence in LMIC urban/slum populations ranges widely (13%-76%); not GRADE-rated (narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Prevalence of dental caries varied across age, gender and socioeconomic class, ranging from 13% (Nigeria) to 76% (Central India); prevalence >50% reported in India, Brazil, Malaysia and Rwanda; generally higher in…
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Self-perceived (self-rated) oral health status · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Most participants perceive their oral health as satisfactory (one study 39%), more so among younger, male, higher-SES and employed people; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Use of alternative/indigenous mouth-cleaning implements · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Indigenous/alternative cleaning tools and home remedies are widely used, more so in rural/slum groups; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Alternative implements included toothpowder, chewing-stick, neem, charcoal, sand, snuff, salt, miswak, cotton wool and the fingers; native/indigenous tools were used more by rural and slum/disadvantaged residents than…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported