Secondary (passive/secondhand) smoking exposure during childhood vs No secondary smoking exposure
Caries prevalence (early childhood caries) · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years)
Preschool children exposed to secondary smoking have higher odds of caries prevalence (OR 1.77), but the cross-sectional evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
- Secondary Smoking and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2025 All outcomesCaries prevalence at 3-6 years · Population/community; dental examination (no restriction); mostly Asia · OverallOR 1.77 [1.57, 2.01]11 studies · 14,794 participantsVery low
- Secondary Smoking and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2025 All outcomesCaries prevalence at 4-6 years · Age- and gender-matched case-control (Turkey, Iraq) · OverallOR 4.46 [2.08, 9.55]2 studies · 240 participantsLow