Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics may leads to lower incidence of VAP compared with control (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes ICU mortality compared with control (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes hospital mortality compared with control (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes diarrhoea compared with control (very low certainty).
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics showed no clear difference in antibiotic use compared with control (low certainty).
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower incidence rate of acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics changes number of participants who were absent from childcare centre,… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants who experienced at least 1 side effect or… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).