Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

27 questions · 27 findings · 3 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 16 · 59.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 22.2%Low 5 · 18.5%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Probiotics vs placebo

Death · adult patients after liver transplantation.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

GI function · adult patients after liver transplantation.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Graft health · adult patients after liver transplantation.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Adverse events · adult patients after liver transplantation.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Serious adverse events · adult patients after liver transplantation.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · primary VUR

Probiotics showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.56, 1.21]
2 studies · 248 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Febrile UTI by 1 year · primary VUR

Probiotics showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.37, 1.83]
1 study · 120 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug · primary VUR

Probiotics may leads to lower E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.21, 0.69]
2 studies · 38 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year · primary VUR

Probiotics showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.43, 1.11]
2 studies · 152 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Resolution of VUR · primary VUR

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Adverse events · primary VUR

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

eGFR · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs probiotic

Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Indoxyl sulfate · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Change in any GI upset or intolerance · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Microbiota composition · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Graft function · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Graft infection · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

eGFR · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Albuminuria · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low