Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

110 questions · 119 findings · 11 reviews

No studies found 20 · 16.8%GRADE not reported 11 · 9.2%Very low 62 · 52.1%Low 21 · 17.6%Moderate 2 · 1.7%High 3 · 2.5%

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Psychological well‐being (secondary outcome) Not addressed · people within 3 months after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

Pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… may leads to lower depression: meeting the criteria for depression at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review