Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 1 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 71.4%Low 2 · 28.6%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Incidence of VAP · patients receiving mechanical ventilation

Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics may leads to lower incidence of VAP compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.7 [0.52, 0.95]
8 studies · 1018 participants
Low

ICU mortality · patients receiving mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes ICU mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.58, 1.22]
5 studies · 703 participants
Very low

Hospital mortality · patients receiving mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes hospital mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.78 [0.54, 1.14]
4 studies · 524 participants
Very low

Diarrhoea · patients receiving mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes diarrhoea compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.72 [0.47, 1.09]
4 studies · 618 participants
Very low

Duration of ICU stay · patients receiving mechanical ventilation

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 396 participants
Very low

Duration of mechanical ventilation · patients receiving mechanical ventilation

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 203 participants
Very low

Antibiotic use · patients receiving mechanical ventilation

Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics showed no clear difference in antibiotic use compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.23 [0.51, 2.96]
1 study · 259 participants
Low