What do systematic reviews say?

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2 months) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 months
  Femiano 2003: one significant adverse event (gastritis) for the prednisone group versus none for placebo. Femiano 2010: more drug-related adverse effects for those treated with prednisone than placebo.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2 months) vs Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist)

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2… showed no clear difference in total number of new lesions over 2-month treatment period compared with montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist); GRADE not reported.

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 months
  MD -0.30 [-0.90, 0.30]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2 months) vs Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 months
  The study reported more drug-related adverse effects for those treated with prednisone than montelukast.
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral anticoagulation vs avoiding anticoagulation

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral… showed no clear difference in functional status (mRS 0‐2) compared with avoiding anticoagulation (low certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.78, 1.24]
  2 studies · 288 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral anticoagulation vs avoiding anticoagulation

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral… probably leads to lower MACE (MACE) compared with avoiding anticoagulation (moderate certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.4, 0.94]
  3 studies · 334 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral anticoagulation vs avoiding anticoagulation

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral… showed no clear difference in death compared with avoiding anticoagulation (moderate certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.62, 1.78]
  3 studies · 334 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral anticoagulation vs avoiding anticoagulation

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral… probably leads to lower all major occlusive vascular events compared with avoiding anticoagulation (moderate certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.27 [0.14, 0.53]
  3 studies · 334 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral anticoagulation vs avoiding anticoagulation

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral… showed no clear difference in intracranial haemorrhage compared with avoiding anticoagulation (moderate certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.43 [0.88, 6.73]
  3 studies · 334 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors (apremilast or baricitinib) vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors… leads to higher short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 7.54 [3.9, 14.58]
  2 studies · 1200 participants
  High

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors (apremilast or baricitinib) vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors… showed no clear difference in incidence of serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.47 [0.6, 3.6]
  3 studies · 1224 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors (apremilast or baricitinib) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors (apremilast or baricitinib) vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors… leads to higher long‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (greater than 26 weeks of compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.49 [4.7, 15.34]
  2 studies · 1200 participants
  High

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and… showed no clear difference in plaque indices (permanent and deciduous teeth) compared with no intervention or delayed intervention (non-intervention control;… (low certainty).

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 to 15 months
  SoF (Plaque indices, follow-up 3 to 15 months): 'All 3 RCTs showed a reduction in plaque in the intervention group compared to control group'; 827 participants (3 RCTs); GRADE low; comment 'Data not suitable for…
  3 studies · 827 participants
  Low

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15 months
  PF 0.65 [0.12, 1.18]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Worthington 2001 found no change in reported dental visits over the course of the programmes, with 97% of children at baseline reporting visiting the dentist every 2 years.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No other behavioural outcomes (e.g. objective toothbrush tracking or food-wrapper collection) were measured by the four included studies.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported any adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  PF 0.49
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Worthington 2001: few children had problems identifying foods containing sugar; only 15% of intervention and 19% of control participants reported routinely consuming sugary snacks on arriving home from school; snacking…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Worthington 2001 reported children's brushing frequency: almost all children (99%) at baseline reported twice daily brushing, and this level was maintained across all groups throughout the intervention (in baseline…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported