What do systematic reviews say?

Oral steroids vs placebo

Oral steroids may leads to lower presence/persistence of OME compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Oral steroids vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether oral steroids changes adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Oral steroids vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral steroids vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral steroids vs no treatment

Oral steroids showed no clear difference in presence/persistence of OME (3 to 9 months ‐ medium‐term) № of… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.17]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Oral steroids vs no treatment

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Oral ferric maltol vs oral placebo

It is very uncertain whether oral ferric maltol changes serious adverse events ‐ mild disease to quiescent (up to 52 weeks) compared with oral placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.15, 6.88]
  1 study · 128 participants
  Very low

Oral iron sulphate vs oral iron hydroxide polymaltose complex

• Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 41 participants
  Very low

Oral iron sulphate vs oral iron hydroxide polymaltose complex

It is very uncertain whether oral iron sulphate changes serious adverse events ‐ active or inactive disease (14 days) compared with oral iron hydroxide polymaltose complex (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.86 [0.32, 25.24]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Very low

Oral ferric maltol vs oral placebo

It is very uncertain whether oral ferric maltol changes number of responders ‐ mild disease to quiescent (up to 52 weeks) compared with oral placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 73 [4.58, 1164.36]
  1 study · 128 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… changes surgical site infections compared with oral antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.34, 2.21]
  3 studies · 960 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in anastomotic leakage compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.21, 3.45]
  3 studies · 960 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.3, 3.5]
  2 studies · 709 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in incidence of postoperative ileus compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.68, 2.33]
  2 studies · 709 participants
  Low

Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

• Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Specificity 0.50 [0.32, 0.68]
  23 studies
  Very low

Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

• Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.87 [0.78, 0.93]
  23 studies
  Low

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers
  No studies in the 5FU subgroup assessed the number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics.
  0 studies
  No studies found
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  High-dose melphalan-based treatment prior to HSCT (haematological cancers)
  MD -2.28 [-5.33, 0.77]
  1 study · 78 participants
  Very low

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  High-dose melphalan-based treatment prior to HSCT (haematological cancers)
  Summary of findings 2 (melphalan/HSCT): Quality of life - '1 study assessed this outcome but the data are currently unavailable as the study report and analysis have not yet been completed' (Toro 2013; measured with…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers
  Summary of findings for the main comparison (5FU solid cancers): Quality of life - 'No studies assessed this outcome'.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  High-dose melphalan-based treatment prior to HSCT (haematological cancers)
  Adverse events reported narratively: one study did not report adverse events (Askarifar 2015); another reported no serious adverse events (Toro 2013); the remaining two reported low rates of shooting pain from the…
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers
  Adverse events reported narratively (not meta-analysed): one study reported no adverse effects (Katranci 2012); the other four 5FU studies reported low rates of very minor adverse events (headache, chills,…
  5 studies · 444 participants
  GRADE not reported