Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

7 questions · 7 findings · 2 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 4 · 57.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 14.3%Low 1 · 14.3%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observations) ‐ Systemic administration (any incontinence) · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen may leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observations) ‐ Local administration (any incontinence) · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

It is very uncertain whether oestrogen changes incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observation) ‐ oestrogen + other treatments versus placebo · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen + other treatments probably leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review