Any adverse events Up to 3 months · patients with depression
Music therapy plus treatment as usual (TAU) showed no clear difference in any adverse events Up to 3 months compared with TAU (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functioning at · patients with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life (RAND‐36) Up to 3 months · patients with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with depression
Music therapy plus treatment as usual (TAU) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early Up to 3 months compared with TAU (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety · patients with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Pain · post‐caesarean pain
2 findings from 1 review
Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · post‐caesarean pain
1 finding from 1 review
Vital signs‐ heart hate · post‐caesarean pain
1 finding from 1 review
Rescue analgesic requirement (dose ‐ morphine) · post‐caesarean pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Pain · post‐caesarean pain
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Rescue analgesic requirement (cumulative dose) – Tramadol · post‐caesarean pain
1 finding from 1 review
Rescue analgesic requirement (cumulative dose) ‐ Diclofenac · post‐caesarean pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
Brain wave music (BWM) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no special instructions (control); GRADE not reported.
3 findings from 1 review
MD -4.72 [-15.83, 6.39]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -26.65 [-39.06, -14.24]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low
MD -23.44 [-36.82, -10.06]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects of pain treatment · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review