Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

10 questions · 11 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 45.5%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 2 · 18.2%High 4 · 36.4%

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Preterm birth · women during pregnancy

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in preterm births compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.9, 1.01]
18 studies · 91425 participants
Moderate

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Small‐for‐gestational age · women during pregnancy

Multiple micronutrients probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational age compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.88, 0.97]
17 studies · 57348 participants
Moderate

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Low birthweight · women during pregnancy

Multiple micronutrients leads to lower low birthweight compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.85, 0.91]
18 studies · 68801 participants
High

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Perinatal mortality · women during pregnancy

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.9, 1.11]
15 studies · 63922 participants
High

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Stillbirth · women during pregnancy

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.86, 1.04]
17 studies · 97927 participants
High

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Neonatal mortality · women during pregnancy

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.89, 1.12]
14 studies · 80964 participants
High

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

Breastfeeding · pregnant or lactating women who were overweight or obese

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes any breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42 [1.08, 1.87]
2 studies · 223 participants
Very low
Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.57, 1.89]
2 studies · 103 participants
Very low

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

Non‐initiation of breastfeeding · pregnant or lactating women who were overweight or obese

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes non‐initiation of breastfeeding compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.07, 16.11]
3 studies · 380 participants
Very low

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

Exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks · pregnant or lactating women who were overweight or obese

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.83, 1.77]
4 studies · 445 participants
Very low

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months · pregnant or lactating women who were overweight or obese

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.23 [0.38, 137.08]
1 study · 120 participants
Very low