What do systematic reviews say?

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.05 [0.6, 1.85]
  1 study · 192 participants
  Low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Multi‐component intervention may leads to higher adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.37 [1.18, 1.59]
  4 studies · 446 participants
  Low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 374 participants
  Low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Multi‐component intervention may leads to lower hospital service utilisation: number of people admitted to hospital… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.22, 0.63]
  2 studies · 877 participants
  Low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.71, 1.31]
  1 study · 734 participants
  Very low