What do systematic reviews say?

A 10-minute film followed by the same 30-minute one-to-one hygienist instruction on sugar consumption and dental health, plus oral hygiene, fluoride and regular visits (a multi-intervention) vs No special instructions (control)

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 12 months
  Table 3, mean (SD) sugar consumption (1-5 scale): film-plus-instruction group 3.53 (1.27) at baseline to 3.06 (1.12) at follow-up (significant versus baseline); control 2.89 (0.99) to 2.88 (1.27). Results judged…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Lower showed no clear difference in mortality, near term corrected age or discharge compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.68, 1.63]
  10 studies · 914 participants
  Low

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Lower showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.49, 1.35]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Lower showed no clear difference in intubation in the delivery room compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.18]
  9 studies · 875 participants
  Low

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Lower showed no clear difference in severe retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.24, 1.36]
  4 studies · 453 participants
  Low

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Lower showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (grade 3 or 4) compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.51, 1.71]
  6 studies · 596 participants
  Low

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Lower showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.51, 1.87]
  8 studies · 807 participants
  Low

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

It is very uncertain whether lower changes chronic lung disease (36 weeks' corrected age) compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (very low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.72, 1.14]
  9 studies · 862 participants
  Very low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.63, 1.25]
  13 studies · 3894 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in total graft loss (with death) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.67, 1.06]
  11 studies · 3476 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to higher biopsy‐proven acute rejection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.26 [1.1, 1.43]
  11 studies · 3731 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in CMV infection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.63, 1.21]
  9 studies · 3099 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in all malignancy compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.32]
  10 studies · 3175 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in number needing to change treatment compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.05]
  10 studies · 3652 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower diabetes compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.93]
  6 studies · 2125 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in lymphoma/PTLD compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.25, 1.73]
  7 studies · 2792 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in acne/rash compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.21]
  6 studies · 2958 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1863 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower hypercholesterolaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.98]
  9 studies · 3250 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low may leads to lower anaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.72, 0.91]
  10 studies · 3179 participants
  Low