Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

19 questions · 19 findings · 2 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 1 · 5.3%Very low 9 · 47.4%Low 5 · 26.3%Moderate 4 · 21.1%High 0 · 0%

Ketorolac vs placebo

Use of rescue medication · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether ketorolac changes participants using rescue medication in the PACU compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ketorolac vs placebo

Participants experiencing bleeding events · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether ketorolac changes participants experiencing bleeding events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Number of women requiring rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours… compared with another NSAID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants reporting any adverse event compared with another NSAID (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event compared with another NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Relief of pain · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac may leads to higher number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Use of rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants reporting any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours compared with another NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Relief of pain · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours compared with another NSAID (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review