Abstinence · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to higher abstinence at 0 to 5 months postpartum compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Birthweight < 2500 (g) · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower low birthweight (under 2500 g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in preterm birth (under 37 weeks) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stillbirth · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower NICU admissions compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events and psychological impact · Pregnant women who smoke
1 finding from 1 review
Fear of childbirth · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety ‐ not reported · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Depression · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
1 finding from 1 review
Birth preferences: prefer caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural analgesia during labour · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review