What do systematic reviews say?

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse/unintended effects addressed narratively: 10 of 34 studies investigated or reported negative unintended or adverse effects (e.g. difficulty with the electric or 3-headed toothbrushes, being frightened by the…
  10 studies
  GRADE not reported

Non-surgical interventions vs Surgical interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Non-surgical versus surgical interventions: no trials.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Psychological interventions (positive and negative reinforcement) vs no treatment

Psychological interventions (positive and negative reinforcement) led to higher sucking cessation (long term) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Long term (12 months or more)
  RR 6.25 [1.65, 23.65]
  1 study · 57 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological interventions (positive/negative reinforcement, habit reversal, DRO) vs no treatment

Psychological interventions (positive/negative reinforcement, habit… may leads to higher sucking cessation (short term) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (less than 12 months)
  RR 6.16 [1.18, 32.10]
  2 studies · 87 participants
  Low

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies measured dental caries levels. One RCT (Shaw 1991, Comparison 5) assessed DMFT at baseline only and did not report caries at any later time point.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies measured quality of life changes or long-term, patient-centred outcomes as formal outcomes; some studies commented on quality of life only in the discussion or conclusion sections.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Health service and/or policy intervention designed to modify access to oral health information or services for pregnant women, new mothers or other primary caregivers vs Standard care (or any comparator)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trials evaluated policy or health service interventions designed to modify access to oral health information or services.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed adverse effects of the intervention.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Psychological interventions vs no treatment

• Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF (psychological interventions vs no treatment): Adverse events - insufficient information reported. Table 3 (adverse outcomes after one month; Haryett 1967), psychological treatment group: reported upset 1/11 (9%);…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Psychological interventions vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Occlusion: Not reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Psychological intervention (positive reinforcement) vs Alternative psychological intervention (negative reinforcement)

• Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Long term (12 months or more)
  Larsson 1972, comparing positive reinforcement with negative reinforcement, also provided long-term data. Again, no statistically significant between-group differences were shown (Analysis 6.2).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Medical interventions (systemic: analgesics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, steroids; topical: analgesics, anaesthetics) vs Another intervention, or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'No studies evaluated medical ... interventions.' No eligible RCT of medical interventions (analgesics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, steroids, topical anaesthetics).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Psychological intervention (habit reversal / positive reinforcement) vs Alternative psychological intervention (DRO / negative reinforcement)

• Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (less than 12 months)
  Christensen 1987 (20 participants) compared habit reversal (HR) with differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO): no statistically significant difference. Larsson 1972 (38 participants) compared positive with…
  2 studies · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological / counselling interventions (counselling, acupuncture, cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation therapy, behaviour modification, electromyographic biofeedback, hypnosis, re-education) vs Another intervention, or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'No studies evaluated ... psychological interventions.' No eligible RCT of psychological / counselling interventions (CBT, relaxation, behaviour modification, biofeedback, hypnosis, re-education, acupuncture).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Schou 1989 (114 residents, unclear risk of bias): no difference in the prevalence of denture stomatitis between the groups.
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One study (Schou 1989), at unclear risk of bias and analysing 114 residents, provided insufficient evidence to determine whether denture plaque scores are lower when educating residents or nursing staff without…
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Schou 1989 (114 residents, unclear risk of bias): the number of residents reporting correct denture cleaning habits increased, but not significantly compared to baseline (baseline N = 28; follow-up N = 38).
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs placebo

• Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs placebo

• Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported