Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,183 questions · 2,385 findings · 241 reviews

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No studies found 558 · 23.4%GRADE not reported 158 · 6.6%Very low 704 · 29.5%Low 618 · 25.9%Moderate 276 · 11.6%High 71 · 3%

Behavioural intervention vs control

Condom use for sex workers · Sex workers and their clients

It is very uncertain whether behavioural intervention changes condom use for sex workers compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.99, 1.09]
3 studies · 1133 participants
Very low

Behavioural intervention vs control

Condom use for clients of sex workers · Sex workers and their clients

Behavioural intervention showed no clear difference in condom use for clients of sex workers compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.69, 1.75]
1 study · 26 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Alcohol frequency Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 434 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Alcohol quantity Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 434 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Cannabis dependence Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Cannabis frequency · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Secondary outcomes related to substance use Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma vs gastric carcinoma

Studies with gastric cancer participants in addition to eligible participants · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma or gastric carcinoma

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions… showed no clear difference in studies with gastric cancer participants in addition to eligible… compared with gastric carcinoma; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.94 [0.83, 1.05]
8 studies · 1755 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma vs gastric carcinoma

Sensitivity analysis, meta‐regression analysis, first part · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma or gastric carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions… changes sensitivity analysis, meta‐regression analysis, first part compared with gastric carcinoma (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.75 [0.68, 0.84]
11 studies · 1347 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma vs gastric carcinoma

Sensitivity analysis, only esophageal and GE‐junction cancer participants · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma or gastric carcinoma

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions… led to lower sensitivity analysis, only esophageal and GE‐junction cancer… compared with gastric carcinoma; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.66 [0.54, 0.81]
5 studies · 538 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma vs gastric carcinoma

Sensitivity analysis, only gastric cancer participants · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma or gastric carcinoma

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions… showed no clear difference in sensitivity analysis, only gastric cancer participants compared with gastric carcinoma; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.89 [0.76, 1.04]
5 studies · 2093 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma vs gastric carcinoma

Sensitivity analysis, meta‐regression analysis, second part · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma or gastric carcinoma

Summary of findings table (sensitivity analysis): interventions… probably leads to lower sensitivity analysis, meta‐regression analysis, second part compared with gastric carcinoma (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.66 [0.54, 0.81]
5 studies · 538 participants
Moderate

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Any measure of knowledge and attitude · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Adverse effects · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Any outcome considered an adverse effect · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Calls to smoking quit lines, during campaign · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 641800 participants
Moderate

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Calls to smoking quit lines, during and after campaign · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3e+05 participants
Low

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Proportion of calls from target population during campaign · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 641800 participants
Low

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Proportion of calls from target population during and after campaign · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3e+05 participants
Very low

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

Programme costs · adult, ethnic minority group: self‐described Americans of African heritage

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 641800 participants
Low