Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,024 questions · 3,338 findings · 330 reviews

No studies found 735 · 22%GRADE not reported 282 · 8.4%Very low 962 · 28.8%Low 870 · 26.1%Moderate 384 · 11.5%High 105 · 3.1%

PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Respiratory‐related hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether self‐management interventions changes respiratory‐related hospital admissions compared with usual care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Respiratory‐related mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in respiratory‐related mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause hospital admissions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

COPD exacerbations · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review