What do systematic reviews say?

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining one or more falls compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03]
  29 studies · 9637 participants
  Low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as 2 or more… compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.74, 1.03]
  12 studies · 3368 participants
  Low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.01]
  9 studies · 2850 participants
  Low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people who experience a fall that required hospital… compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.92, 1.07]
  15 studies · 5227 participants
  Low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people who experience a fall that required medical attention compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.75, 1.1]
  8 studies · 3078 participants
  Low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 2373 participants
  Low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multifactorial interventions vs exercise

It is very uncertain whether multifactorial interventions changes rate of falls (falls per person years) compared with exercise (very low certainty).

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.13 [0.01, 2.46]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes number of hospital admissions compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).

• Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.03]
  6203 participants
  Very low
• Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.86, 0.99]
  152237 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes number of emergency department visits compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).

• Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.49, 1.15]
  1819 participants
  Very low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes mortality compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).

• Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.85, 1.03]
  154962 participants
  Very low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

It is very uncertain whether dietary advice interventions changes gestational diabetes compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.35, 1.04]
  5 studies · 1279 participants
  Very low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in childhood/adulthood adiposity: skinfold thickness at 6 months (mm) compared with standard care (child outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 132 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions may leads to lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.3 [0.1, 0.88]
  2 studies · 282 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.25, 1.46]
  2 studies · 282 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.78, 1.24]
  4 studies · 1194 participants
  Low