Clinical symptoms ‐ overall risk of harmful or hazardous alcohol and substance use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Service utilisation (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of visits to primary care centres due to alcohol consumption (RR > 1 denotes greater risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes service utilisation (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of alcohol‐related consequences ‐ accidents (RR > 1 denotes greater risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with substance dependence
It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (< 1 month post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin · adult patients with substance dependence
It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ social functioning · adult patients with substance dependence
1 finding from 1 review
Mean number of wet nights a week · children with nocturnal enuresis
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis
It is very uncertain whether alarm plus other intervention changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other intervention (very low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 3 [0.73, 12.27]
1 study · 22 participants
Very low
RR 3.79 [1.85, 7.77]
1 study · 80 participants
Low
RR 1.32 [1.08, 1.62]
5 studies · 359 participants
Low
Proportion of children dry at · children with nocturnal enuresis
Alarm plus other intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of children dry at compared with other intervention (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion of children with adverse events · children with nocturnal enuresis
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
GRADE not reported
Effect on later sexual function · men (aged between 23 and 45) with premature ejaculation within 3 months after stroke
1 finding from 1 review
Sexual satisfaction · men (aged between 23 and 45) with premature ejaculation within 3 months after stroke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Secondary outcome: quality of life · men (aged between 23 and 45) with premature ejaculation within 3 months after stroke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Psychological well‐being (secondary outcome) Not addressed · men (aged between 23 and 45) with premature ejaculation within 3 months after stroke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Marital/relationship/partner satisfaction (secondary outcome) · men (aged between 23 and 45) with premature ejaculation within 3 months after stroke
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: all adverse events · men (aged between 23 and 45) with premature ejaculation within 3 months after stroke
1 finding from 1 review
Patient evaluation of care/the intervention Patient reports that the intervention changed management of his or her health at 6 months after baseline (3‐point scale: dichotomised into 'a great deal' vs 'somewhat' + 'not at all') (Stanford 2018) Hig... · older patients with multi‐morbidity
Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their… may leads to higher patient evaluation of care/the intervention Patient reports that the… compared with attention‐control conditions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse event** Less patient involvement as a result of the intervention Not measured · older patients with multi‐morbidity
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Frequency of alcohol misuse 6 months · Parents who use substances
1 finding from 1 review