What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs Insulin glargin (control)

Insulin detemir (intervention) may leads to higher percentage of participants having at least one injection site reaction compared with insulin glargin (control) (low certainty).

• Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.31 [1.13, 9.73]
  4 studies · 2252 participants
  Low

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 306 participants
  Low

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 841 participants
  Low

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 706 participants
  Low

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 588 participants
  Low

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 222 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention probably leads to lower residents with at least one physical restraint compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.76, 0.94]
  4 studies · 3849 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention probably leads to lower residents with at least one belt compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.4, 0.73]
  3 studies · 12711 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.86, 1.2]
  4 studies · 17954 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall‐related fracture compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.45]
  4 studies · 17954 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one psychotropic medication compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.95, 1.06]
  2 studies · 3452 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital settings 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 1743 participants
  Very low

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention probably leads to lower incidence of delirium NH‐CAM compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.42 [0.34, 0.51]
  1 study · 7311 participants
  Moderate

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention showed no clear difference in mortality compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.66, 1.17]
  1 study · 9412 participants
  Moderate

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention showed no clear difference in falls Fall events compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.15]
  1 study · 2275 participants
  Low