What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity… changes incidence of new delirium during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.3, 2.5]
  2 studies · 732 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity… showed no clear difference in falls during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions; GRADE not reported.

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.3, 5.84]
  1 study · 250 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 350 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity… changes medical deterioration during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.3, 2.5]
  2 studies · 732 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1688 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 978 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise… showed no clear difference in functional ability: new incidence of delirium during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.55, 1.68]
  4 studies · 1256 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 449 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise… showed no clear difference in falls during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.48, 1.91]
  5 studies · 995 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise… changes medical deterioration during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.52, 1.87]
  7 studies · 1798 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 2838 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 975 participants
  GRADE not reported

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 118 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee function (short term) compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.37
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.44 [0.08, 2.46]
  1 study · 23 participants
  Very low