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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

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1,793 questions · 1,866 findings · 339 reviews

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No studies found 245 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 142 · 7.6%Very low 612 · 32.8%Low 513 · 27.5%Moderate 305 · 16.3%High 49 · 2.6%

Behavioural activation vs any comparator

Treatment efficacy for depression (short term: 8–9 weeks) · depression in adults with non‐communicable diseases

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment efficacy for depression (short term: 8–9 weeks) compared with any comparator (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Leg pain ‒short‐term · lumbosacral radicular pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in leg pain ‒short‐term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disability ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Disability reported using multiple scales (RMDQ and ODI). Disability scores were converted to a common 0 to 100 scale. Higher scores indicate greater disability. · lumbosacral radicular pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in disability ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Disability… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection without hospitalisations. · lumbosacral radicular pain

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Major adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection with hospitalizations. · lumbosacral radicular pain
1 finding from 1 review

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Gingivitis · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (<6 weeks)
    Electric vs manual toothbrush. Assorted gingival indices scale 0-4, 2-4 weeks; 252 participants (4 RCTs); Low. Four studies showed no significant differences for gingival inflammation short term; data could not be…
    4 studies · 252 participants
    Low

Toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent vs Conventional toothpaste

Gingivitis · Children aged 7 to 13 years with Down syndrome (mild to moderate ID); setting residential
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (<6 weeks)
    Toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent vs conventional toothpaste, children with Down syndrome. Ainamo & Bay Gingival Bleeding Index, mean 10 days; percent mean difference 18 (intervention) vs 8 (control), P<0.001…
    1 study · 40 participants
    Very low

Toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent vs Conventional toothpaste

Plaque · Children aged 7 to 13 years with Down syndrome (mild to moderate ID); setting residential
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (<6 weeks)
    Simplified Green & Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (plaque), mean 10 days; percent mean difference 65 (intervention) vs 15 (control), P<0.0001 favouring the disclosing-agent toothpaste; 40 participants (SoF states 80,…
    1 study · 40 participants
    Very low

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

Plaque · Children and adults with mild to profound ID; setting residential or school

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes plaque (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Short‐term serious adverse events · people with rheumatoid arthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review