Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 7 findings · 5 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 3 · 42.9%Very low 2 · 28.6%Low 2 · 28.6%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

Stroke · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes stroke diagnosed after randomisation: range 1 mo to 3 mo compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.72, 1.64]
5 studies · 6110 participants
Very low

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Stroke · people with or without existing CVD, men and women

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in stroke compared with lower PUFA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.58, 1.44]
11 studies · 14742 participants
Low

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)

Stroke · older adults with primary hypertension

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in stroke compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.94, 1.67]
3 studies · 8221 participants
Low

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Stroke · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Stroke: RR 0.61 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.75), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 0.61 [0.50, 0.75]
7 studies · 39095 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · adults with or without existing CVD

It is very uncertain whether higher changes stroke: fatal or non‐fatal Study duration range 24‐96 months Omega‐6… compared with lower omega‐6: primary outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.45, 4.11]
4 studies · 3730 participants
Very low

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Ischaemic stroke · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Ischaemic stroke (Hazard ratio (cohort studies)): HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Hazard ratio (cohort studies)
HR 0.66 [0.55, 0.80]
4 studies · 26596 participants
GRADE not reported
Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Odds ratio (case-control studies)
OR 0.52 [0.44, 0.61]
5 studies · 31858 participants
GRADE not reported