Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

901 questions · 1,073 findings · 138 reviews

No studies found 166 · 15.5%GRADE not reported 310 · 28.9%Very low 213 · 19.9%Low 227 · 21.2%Moderate 132 · 12.3%High 25 · 2.3%

High‐frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation

Mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) · people with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

It is very uncertain whether high‐frequency oscillation changes mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) compared with conventional ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation

Mortality (at 6 months) · people with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

It is very uncertain whether high‐frequency oscillation changes mortality (at 6 months) compared with conventional ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stevia (high-intensity/non-nutritive sweetener) in a daily snack vs Baseline (within-group change); white sugar snack is a parallel arm with no between-group effect size reported

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli in saliva · Schoolchildren (6-9 years), high caries risk

The single stevia trial (Cocco 2019) reported a significant reduction in salivary Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, but gave no effect size and was not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Clinical Effects of Sugar Substitutes on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes
    42 days · Schoolchildren in Italy, high caries risk; sweetener delivered as a daily snack · Single study (Cocco 2019); not pooled
    Cocco 2019 (the only high-intensity sweetener trial): the stevia snack showed a significant decrease in MS (P < .01) and in lactobacilli (P = .03) versus baseline, whereas the white-sugar snack showed no significant…
    1 study · 271 participants
    GRADE not reported

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Total mortalitya · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortalitya compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Any bleedingb · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in any bleedingb compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Thromboembolic events · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in any thromboembolic event compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review