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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

14 questions · 14 findings · 5 reviews · Vascular

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No studies found 1 · 7.1%GRADE not reported 1 · 7.1%Very low 3 · 21.4%Low 5 · 35.7%Moderate 2 · 14.3%High 2 · 14.3%

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin leads to higher bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

DVT (symptomatic, asymptomatic, non‐fatal) · people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity

It is very uncertain whether unfractionated heparin changes DVT (symptomatic, asymptomatic, non‐fatal) (5 to 8 days after surgery) compared with low molecular weight heparin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

All‐cause mortality (7 days ‐ 3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (7 days ‐ 3 months) compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Major bleedingd (3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in major bleedingd (7 days ‐ 12 months) compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs unfractionated heparin

All‐cause mortality (5 days to 12 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (5 days to 12 months) compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound‐assisted catheter‐directed thrombolysis plus standard intravenous heparinisation vs standard intravenous heparinisation

All‐cause mortality (90‐day) · people with intermediate‐risk (submassive) APE

It is very uncertain whether ultrasound‐assisted catheter‐directed thrombolysis plus standard… changes all‐cause mortality (90‐day) compared with standard intravenous heparinisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review