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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

165 questions · 196 findings · 23 reviews

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No studies found 26 · 13.3%GRADE not reported 71 · 36.2%Very low 40 · 20.4%Low 42 · 21.4%Moderate 15 · 7.7%High 2 · 1%

Gamified oral health interventions (mobile apps, serious games, augmented reality, game-based education) vs Conventional or traditional oral health education, or non-gamified interventions (comparator varied; several studies were single-arm/uncontrolled)

Oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) · Children or adolescents

Gamified interventions appear to improve children's oral health knowledge compared with conventional education, but the evidence is narrative and ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review
  • The Application of Gamification in Children's Oral Health Management: Systematic Review. 2025 All outcomes
    Post-intervention (predominantly short-term; long-term follow-up in a minority of studies) · School-based settings, specialized dental clinics, and home-based environments
    The effectiveness of digital-based interventions was generally positive, with 38% (9/24) of the experimental studies reporting improvements in oral health knowledge and behaviors; game-based teaching significantly…
    9 studies
    GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

Mother self-reported oral health behaviours · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…
1 finding from 1 review

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

Child oral health behaviours · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…
1 finding from 1 review

Oral health education/promotion (oral hygiene advice plus diet and feeding practice advice) combined with clinical treatment for mother's dentition (basic restorative and preventive; 1 trial included CHX varnish application) vs usual care

Child oral health behaviours · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Early neonatal mortality ‐ Both one‐to‐one and group counselling · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… probably leads to lower early neonatal mortality ‐ Both one‐to‐one and group counselling compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Late neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling · developing countries

It is very uncertain whether community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… changes late neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Late neonatal mortality ‐ Both group and one‐to‐one counselling · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… probably leads to lower late neonatal mortality ‐ Both group and one‐to‐one counselling compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Perinatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling · developing countries

It is very uncertain whether community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… changes perinatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Perinatal mortality · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… may leads to lower perinatal mortality ‐ Group counselling compared with control (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling · developing countries

It is very uncertain whether community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… changes neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… may leads to lower neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Neonatal mortality · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality ‐ Both group and one‐to‐one counselling compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Early neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… may leads to lower early neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Early neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… may leads to higher early neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years in the United Kingdom

In UK studies, OHPPs were associated with lower DMFT/S (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.58; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years in Ireland

The single Irish study showed lower DMFT/S with OHPP (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.61; ungraded, single study).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years in Japan

The single Japanese study yielded a degenerate estimate of OR 0.00 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.00; ungraded, single study).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years (studies published 2015 or later)

In studies published from 2015 onward, OHPPs were associated with lower DMFT (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.53; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years in Finland

The single Finnish study showed lower DMFT/S with OHPP (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.56; ungraded, single study).

1 finding from 1 review