Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 1 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 1 · 16.7%Very low 1 · 16.7%Low 3 · 50%Moderate 1 · 16.7%High 0 · 0%

Perineal trauma requiring suturing · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in intact perineum compared with hands on (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.95, 1.12]
2 studies · 6547 participants
Moderate

1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in 1st degree tear compared with hands on (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.99, 1.77]
2 studies · 700 participants
Low

2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in 2nd degree tear compared with hands on (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.47, 1.28]
2 studies · 700 participants
Low

3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

It is very uncertain whether hands off (or poised) changes 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with hands on (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.21, 2.26]
5 studies · 7317 participants
Very low

Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Hands off (or poised) may leads to lower episiotomy compared with hands on (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.43, 0.79]
4 studies · 7247 participants
Low