Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 42.9%Low 3 · 42.9%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%

Hand hygiene vs control

Influenza assessed by laboratory confirmation · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene showed no clear difference in laboratory‐confirmed influenza compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.63, 1.3]
8 studies · 8332 participants
Low

Hand hygiene vs control

Composite of acute respiratory illness, influenza‐like illness, laboratory‐confirmed influenza · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene may leads to lower composite of acute respiratory illness, influenza‐like illness,… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.83, 0.94]
19 studies · 71210 participants
Low

Hand hygiene vs control

Adverse events · general population and healthcare workers

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Very low

Hand hygiene vs control

Acute respiratory illness · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene probably leads to lower acute respiratory illness compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.81, 0.9]
9 studies · 52105 participants
Moderate

Hand hygiene vs control

Influenza‐like illness · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene showed no clear difference in influenza‐like illness compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.81, 1.09]
11 studies · 34503 participants
Low

Four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion vs usual care

Adverse events requiring hospitalisation (SAE) · Neonates and caregivers

It is very uncertain whether four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion changes adverse events requiring hospitalisation (SAE) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.83 [0.75, 4.42]
1 study · 246 participants
Very low

Four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion vs usual care

Authors reported adverse outcomes (events without hospitalisation) · Neonates and caregivers

It is very uncertain whether four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion changes authors reported adverse outcomes (events without hospitalisation) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.28, 1.15]
1 study · 246 participants
Very low