What do systematic reviews say?

Fewer vs more courses of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy

Fewer showed no clear difference in secondary malignant neoplasms compared with more courses of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.1 [0.74, 1.62]
  3 studies · 2403 participants
  Moderate

Fewer vs more courses of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy

Fewer showed no clear difference in death compared with more courses of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy (high certainty).

• Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.73, 1.34]
  3 studies · 2403 participants
  High

Fewer vs more courses of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy

Fewer showed no clear difference in progression/relapse compared with more courses of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy (high certainty).

• Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.15 [0.91, 1.45]
  3 studies · 2403 participants
  High

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 634 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 317 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

It is very uncertain whether fewer‐than‐four ports changes serious adverse events compared with four ports (very low certainty).

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.93 [0.86, 18.04]
  7 studies · 634 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 510 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

It is very uncertain whether fewer‐than‐four ports changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with four ports (very low certainty).

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.19, 2.35]
  5 studies · 581 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 855 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 731 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

It is very uncertain whether fewer‐than‐four ports changes proportion discharged as day surgery compared with four ports (very low certainty).

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.7, 1.22]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 325 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 150 participants
  Very low

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in treatment failure Need for additional treatment compared with SCS treatment (moderate certainty).

• Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.72 [0.36, 1.46]
  4 studies · 457 participants
  Moderate

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in relapse New acute exacerbation or COPD‐related admission compared with SCS treatment (moderate certainty).

• Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.04 [0.7, 1.56]
  4 studies · 478 participants
  Moderate

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in adverse drug effect—hyperglycaemia compared with SCS treatment (moderate certainty).

• Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.99 [0.64, 1.53]
  2 studies · 345 participants
  Moderate

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in adverse drug effects Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, symptomatic… compared with SCS treatment (low certainty).

• Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.46, 1.7]
  5 studies · 503 participants
  Low

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in mortality compared with SCS treatment (moderate certainty).

• Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.91 [0.4, 2.06]
  2 studies · 336 participants
  Moderate

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

• Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 421 participants
  Moderate

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

• Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 187 participants
  Very low