Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 1 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 4 · 57.1%Moderate 3 · 42.9%High 0 · 0%

Epidural vs opioid

Maternal pain score measured during labour · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1133 participants
Low

Epidural vs opioid

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour

Epidural may leads to higher satisfaction with pain relief ‐ proportion rating excellent or very… compared with opioids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.47 [1.03, 2.08]
7 studies · 1911 participants
Low

Epidural vs opioid

Instrumental vaginal birth · women in labour

Epidural may leads to higher assisted vaginal birth compared with opioids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.44 [1.29, 1.6]
30 studies · 9948 participants
Low

Epidural vs opioid

Caesarean section · women in labour

Epidural showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with opioids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.96, 1.18]
33 studies · 10350 participants
Moderate

Epidural vs opioid

Side effects (maternal) ‐ long‐term backache · women in labour

Epidural showed no clear difference in side effects (maternal) ‐ long‐term backache compared with opioids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.89, 1.12]
2 studies · 814 participants
Moderate

Epidural vs opioid

Admission to neonatal or intensive care nursery · women in labour

Epidural showed no clear difference in admission to special care baby unit/neonatal intensive care unit (as… compared with opioids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.95, 1.12]
8 studies · 4488 participants
Moderate

Epidural vs opioid

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in labour

Epidural showed no clear difference in apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes compared with opioids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.52, 1.02]
22 studies · 8752 participants
Low