Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1 questions · 1 findings · 1 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 1 · 100%High 0 · 0%

Side effects (maternal) ‐ long‐term backache · women in labour

Epidural showed no clear difference in side effects (maternal) ‐ long‐term backache compared with opioids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.89, 1.12]
2 studies · 814 participants
Moderate