Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 1 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 14.3%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 5 · 71.4%

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Caesarean section · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

Early initiation of epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with late initiation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
9 studies · 15499 participants
High

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Instrumental delivery · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

Early initiation of epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in instrumental delivery compared with late initiation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
8 studies · 15379 participants
High

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Duration of 1st stage of labour · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 14384 participants
Low

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Duration of second stage (minutes) · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 14982 participants
High

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

Early initiation of epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in apgar score <7 at 5 min compared with late initiation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.69, 1.33]
7 studies · 14924 participants
High

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Umbilical artery pH · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 14004 participants
High

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Umblical vein pH · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 14004 participants
Moderate