Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

449 questions · 486 findings · 74 reviews

No studies found 34 · 7%GRADE not reported 73 · 15%Very low 127 · 26.1%Low 158 · 32.5%Moderate 69 · 14.2%High 25 · 5.1%

Early childhood caries / severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Change in height-for-age z score · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)

The association between baseline caries and declining height-for-age persisted after adjustment (coefficient -0.02); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Early childhood caries / severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Stunting · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)

One Nepalese cross-sectional study found caries severity significantly correlated with chronic malnutrition/stunting (HAZ; p<0.0001), especially in rural children; ungraded, no effect size reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Early childhood caries / severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Risk of malnutrition (younger children, 6 months to 6 years) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)

One Nepalese cross-sectional study found no significant association between severe ECC and malnutrition risk in children under 6 (mean difference 0.13, p=0.609); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Early discharge vs standard discharge

Number of infants having contact with healthcare professionals regarding infant health issues within 4 weeks of birth · healthy mothers and term infants

Early discharge showed no clear difference in number of infants having contact with healthcare professionals… compared with standard discharge (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early discharge vs standard discharge

Number of women having contact with healthcare professionals regarding maternal health issues within 6 weeks of giving birth · healthy mothers and term infants

Early discharge showed no clear difference in number of women having contact with healthcare professionals… compared with standard discharge (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or transcatheter occlusion · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether early treatment changes proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or… compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a hemodynamically significant PDA · preterm infants

Early treatment may leads to higher proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment vs expectant management

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received neuroimaging · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review