Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

21 questions · 21 findings · 1 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 12 · 57.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 23.8%Low 3 · 14.3%Moderate 1 · 4.8%High 0 · 0%

ECT plus standard care vs sham‐ECT plus standard care

Service use (short term) ‐ hospitalisation (number readmitted) · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

ECT plus standard care may leads to lower service use (short term) ‐ hospitalisation (number readmitted) compared with sham‐ECT plus standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs antipsychotics plus standard care

Response to treatment (medium term) Clinically important response to treatment as defined by each study · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

ECT plus standard care showed no clear difference in response to treatment (medium term) Clinically important response to… compared with antipsychotics plus standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs usual care

Response to treatment (medium term) Clinically important response to treatment as defined by each study · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

ECT plus standard care probably leads to higher response to treatment (medium term) Clinically important response to… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ECT plus standard care changes satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving… compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review