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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

52 questions · 52 findings · 6 reviews

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No studies found 9 · 17.3%GRADE not reported 2 · 3.8%Very low 10 · 19.2%Low 14 · 26.9%Moderate 13 · 25%High 4 · 7.7%

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) leads to lower mortality at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) probably leads to lower BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with control (placebo or nothing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) probably leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with control (placebo or nothing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Cerebral palsy · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) showed no clear difference in cerebral palsy ‐ at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or cerebral palsy · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy ‐ at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Respiratory distress syndrome · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes respiratory distress syndrome compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Intraventricular haemorrhage · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes intraventricular haemorrhage compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Necrotising enterocolitis · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

All‐cause mortality up to 120 days · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) changes all‐cause mortality up to 120 days compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

Clinical improvement: discharged alive ( · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) showed no clear difference in clinical improvement: discharged alive ( compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review