Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

74 questions · 77 findings · 7 reviews

No studies found 3 · 3.9%GRADE not reported 10 · 13%Very low 25 · 32.5%Low 26 · 33.8%Moderate 13 · 16.9%High 0 · 0%

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Number of participants achieving 3 or more weeks of consecutive alcohol abstinence during treatment · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes number of participants achieving 3 or more weeks of consecutive… compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes alcohol abstinence compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes retention ‐ end of treatment compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with subacute/chronic WAD

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM +… showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( compared with THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT

Function: NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( · patients with subacute/chronic WAD

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM +… showed no clear difference in function: NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( compared with THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT

Global Perceived Effect · patients with subacute/chronic WAD

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM +… showed no clear difference in global perceived effect: ‐5 to 5 scale; vastly worse to completely… compared with THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT

QoL · patients with subacute/chronic WAD

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM +… showed no clear difference in quality of Life: SF‐36 0 high disability to 100 no disability ( compared with THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review