Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

479 questions · 510 findings · 52 reviews

No studies found 99 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 64 · 12.5%Very low 144 · 28.2%Low 146 · 28.6%Moderate 57 · 11.2%High 0 · 0%

CBT vs control

Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced severity of gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs control

Diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced rates of pathological gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling

CBT may leads to lower diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs control

Depression symptoms ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced depression symptoms, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Daily mean opiate intake per hour · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Cognitive behavioural therapy showed no clear difference in daily mean opiate intake per hour compared with control (treatment as usual); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Average pain scores (0-100 VAS) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Cognitive behavioural therapy showed no clear difference in average pain scores (0-100 VAS) compared with control (treatment as usual); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Therapist‐supported ICBT vs face‐to‐face CBT

Clinically important improvement in anxiety at post‐treatment Indexed by a standardized interview or clinically accepted measure cut‐off score1 · adults with anxiety disorders

Therapist‐supported ICBT showed no clear difference in clinically important improvement in anxiety at post‐treatment… compared with face‐to‐face CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review