Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

383 questions · 397 findings · 37 reviews

No studies found 59 · 14.9%GRADE not reported 11 · 2.8%Very low 70 · 17.6%Low 86 · 21.7%Moderate 110 · 27.7%High 61 · 15.4%

High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue

Overall survival at 5‐year · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer

High‐dose chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival at 5‐year compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue

Event‐free survival · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer

High‐dose chemotherapy showed no clear difference in event‐free survival at 5‐year compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue

Treatment‐related mortality · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer

High‐dose chemotherapy leads to higher treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue

Second cancers at 4 ‐ 9‐year median · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer

High‐dose chemotherapy showed no clear difference in second cancers at 4 ‐ 9‐year median compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by chemo‐/radiotherapy ‐ Chemotherapy only · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by chemo‐/radiotherapy ‐ Chemotherapy only compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Overall survival (3 years) · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

It is very uncertain whether combination chemotherapy changes overall survival (3 years) compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Disease-free survival · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

It is very uncertain whether combination chemotherapy changes disease‐free survival (3 years) compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Complete response rate after preoperative chemoradiation (ypCR) · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

Combination chemotherapy leads to higher complete response rate after preoperative chemoradiation (ypCR) compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Toxicity ‐ early adverse events G3/4 · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

Combination chemotherapy probably leads to higher toxicity ‐ early adverse events G3/4 compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Metastases intra‐abdominal · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

Combination chemotherapy showed no clear difference in metastases intra‐abdominal compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Radiotherapy compliance · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

Combination chemotherapy probably leads to lower radiotherapy compliance compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review