Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 21 findings · 1 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

No studies found 5 · 23.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 16 · 76.2%High 0 · 0%

Instrumented gait analysis (peak ankle dorsiflexion in stance) · children with CP

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Moderate

Observational gait analysis (improvement) · children with CP

BoNT‐A probably leads to higher observational gait analysis (improvement) compared with placebo or sham (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.66 [1.16, 2.37]
4 studies · 261 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.9 [1.32, 2.74]
3 studies · 248 participants
Moderate

Function · children with CP

3 findings from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 305 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 327 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 91 participants
Moderate

Range of motion (passive ankle dorsiflexion) · children with CP

3 findings from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 291 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 150 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Moderate

Satisfaction · children with CP

3 findings from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 74 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Moderate

Spasticity (ankle plantarflexors) · children with CP

3 findings from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 156 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Moderate

Adverse events · children with CP

BoNT‐A showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo or sham (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.87, 1.93]
12 studies · 918 participants
Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Instrumented gait analysis (kinematics) (not measured) · children with CP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Gait assessment ‐ not measured · children with CP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found