Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

5 questions · 5 findings · 1 reviews · Hypertension

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 20%Moderate 4 · 80%High 0 · 0%

Total mortality

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1, 1.14]
4 studies · 44825 participants
Moderate

Total cardiovascular disease

Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher total cardiovascular disease compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.29]
2 studies · 19915 participants
Moderate

Stroke

Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher total stroke compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [1.11, 1.4]
3 studies · 44167 participants
Moderate

Total coronary heart disease

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total coronary heart disease compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.15]
3 studies · 44167 participants
Moderate

Withdrawals due to adverse events

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse effect compared with calcium‐channel blockers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.71, 2.04]
2 studies · 21591 participants
Low