Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 1 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 1 · 16.7%Very low 0 · 0%Low 5 · 83.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in global state: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ Short term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [0.92, 2.83]
8 studies · 274 participants
Low

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in global state: 2. Relapse ‐ short term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.12 [0.34, 28.36]
2 studies · 68 participants
Low

Adverse effects: 1. Death ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 282 participants
GRADE not reported

Adverse effects: 1. Death ‐ medium term · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Adverse effect: 2. General ‐ Short term · patients with schizophrenia

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in adverse effect: 2. General ‐ Short term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.42 [0.27, 107.2]
1 study · 48 participants
Low

Adverse effects: 3. Specific ‐ cardiovascular ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 3. Specific ‐ cardiovascular ‐ short term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.63 [0.7, 3.84]
8 studies · 274 participants
Low