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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

21 questions · 21 findings · 2 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 4.8%Low 10 · 47.6%Moderate 6 · 28.6%High 4 · 19%

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

Cerebrovascular events—non‐cardiac surgery · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular events—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

Ventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in ventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

All supraventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker leads to lower all supraventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

Bradycardia—non‐cardiac surgery ECG · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker probably leads to higher bradycardia—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

All‐cause mortality (30 days)—non‐cardiac surgery · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

Acute myocardial infarction—non‐cardiac surgery · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker leads to lower acute myocardial infarction—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

All‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

Acute myocardial infarction—cardiac surgery · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in acute myocardial infarction—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

Ventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker probably leads to lower ventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

All supraventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker leads to lower all supraventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—cardiac surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

It is very uncertain whether perioperative beta‐blockers changes ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Bradycardia · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to higher bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review