It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain: short‐term compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain: long‐term compared with medical care (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability: short‐term compared with medical care (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability: intermediate‐term compared with medical care (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability: long‐term compared with medical care (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain: short‐term compared with passive physiotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain ‐ intermediate‐term compared with passive physiotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain ‐ long‐term compared with passive physiotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability ‐ short‐term compared with passive physiotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability ‐ intermediate‐term compared with passive physiotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain: intermediate‐term compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability ‐ long‐term compared with passive physiotherapy (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain: short‐term compared with exercise (very low certainty).
Back School showed no clear difference in pain: intermediate‐term compared with exercise (low certainty).
Back School showed no clear difference in pain: long‐term compared with exercise (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability: short‐term compared with exercise (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability: intermediate‐term compared with exercise (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether back School changes disability: long‐term compared with exercise (very low certainty).