Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

60 questions · 62 findings · 3 reviews

No studies found 4 · 6.5%GRADE not reported 17 · 27.4%Very low 21 · 33.9%Low 20 · 32.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to lower adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ vs haloperidol ‐… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs haloperidol + promethazineNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in global state: need for additional medication ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review