What do systematic reviews say?

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 414 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 239 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Any early psychological intervention may leads to lower PTSD diagnosis: 3–6 months compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.41, 0.93]
  5 studies · 758 participants
  Low
• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.2, 4.49]
  1 study · 132 participants
  Very low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Any early psychological intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts from treatment compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [0.91, 1.95]
  11 studies · 1154 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 1921 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1009 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 945 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

Any early psychological intervention may leads to higher dropouts from treatment compared with active control condition (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [1.11, 2.34]
  2 studies · 425 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 465 participants
  Low

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

• Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  56 studies · 329164 participants
  Low

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

• Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 85 participants
  Low

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

• Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 85 participants
  Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) may leads to lower service utilisation: Hospital admission ‐ at about 12 months compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.63, 0.98]
  9 studies · 532 participants
  Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) may leads to lower global state: Relapse ‐ at about 12 months compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.48, 0.62]
  32 studies · 2981 participants
  Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) may leads to lower compliance: Poor compliance with medication compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.49, 0.73]
  10 studies · 695 participants
  Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) showed no clear difference in social functioning: Specific ‐ unemployed ‐ at about 1 year compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.89, 1.25]
  5 studies · 285 participants
  Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) showed no clear difference in social functioning: Specific ‐ unable to live independently ‐ at… compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.66, 1.03]
  3 studies · 164 participants
  Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) changes family outcome: Burden ‐ not improved/worse (objective burden… compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

• Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.21, 1.37]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

Interventions designed to improve any type of continuity vs usual care

• Interventions to improve continuity of care in the follow‐up of patients with cancer 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 3966 participants
  Very low