What do systematic reviews say?

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics leads to lower infected episiotomy/laceration (superficial perineal wound… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.4, 0.69]
  Studies not reported
  High

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics leads to lower infected episiotomy/laceration (deep perineal wound infection № of… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.31, 0.69]
  Studies not reported
  High

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in infected episiotomy/laceration (organ or space infection) № of… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.05]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics probably leads to lower infected episiotomy/laceration (wound breakdown) № of participants:… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.43, 0.63]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in endometritis № of participants: 3813 (2 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.04, 2.64]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics leads to lower serious infectious complications № of participants: 3420 (1 RCT) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.22, 0.89]
  Studies not reported
  High

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in maternal adverse reactions № of participants: 2593 (1 RCT) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2 [0.18, 22.05]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) may leads to lower all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.35, 0.93]
  6 studies · 416 participants
  Low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes chronic lung disease compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.45, 5.05]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes severe intraventricular haemorrhage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.28, 2.03]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes periventricular leukomalacia compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.1, 2.63]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) showed no clear difference in length of hospital stay (LOS) in days compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 157 participants
  Low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.29, 1.06]
  6 studies · 405 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes retinopathy of prematurity, any stage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.08, 1.98]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low