Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

8 questions · 8 findings · 1 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 12.5%Low 1 · 12.5%Moderate 6 · 75%High 0 · 0%

Cardiovascular mortality · adults with CKD

Antioxidants showed no clear difference in cardiovascular death compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.64, 1.4]
8 studies · 3813 participants
Low

Death (any cause) · adults with CKD

Antioxidants showed no clear difference in death (any cause) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.82, 1.11]
45 studies · 7530 participants
Moderate

CVD · adults with CKD

Antioxidants probably leads to lower cardiovascular disease compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.63, 0.99]
16 studies · 4768 participants
Moderate

Heart failure · adults with CKD

Antioxidants probably leads to higher heart failure compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [1.11, 1.76]
6 studies · 3733 participants
Moderate

Kidney failure · adults with CKD

Antioxidants showed no clear difference in kidney failure compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.41, 1.02]
10 studies · 3201 participants
Moderate

Change in eGFR · adults with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 4128 participants
Very low

Graft loss · adults with CKD

Antioxidants showed no clear difference in graft loss compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
11 studies · 1053 participants
Moderate

Infection · adults with CKD

Antioxidants probably leads to higher infection compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [1.14, 1.5]
14 studies · 3697 participants
Moderate