What do systematic reviews say?

Antibiotics vs no antibiotics

• Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 405 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs no antibiotics

• Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 250 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics probably leads to lower number of people with one or more exacerbations WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.57 [0.42, 0.78]
  8 studies · 2716 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics probably leads to lower rate of exacerbation per patient/year WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.67 [0.54, 0.83]
  5 studies · 1384 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 2237 participants
  High

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87 [0.66, 1.15]
  6 studies · 3309 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.74, 1.05]
  9 studies · 2978 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in any adverse event WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.69, 1.67]
  4 studies · 512 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 658 participants
  Moderate