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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
188 questions in 27 reviews · Oral and maxillofacial surgery
current versionsNo studies 188 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Muscle pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy) Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 3 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Muscle pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy) Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 3 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint) Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 1 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. Discomfort was not reported in any included study across the whole review. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Muscle pain at mastication · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint) Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 1 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. Recurrence rate was not reported in any included study across the whole review. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy) Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 3 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Zinc oxide eugenol vs Alvogyl (old formulation) Limitation of chewing or swallowing · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs Alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication, self-care or disease management) Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) (2022) · Cochrane | This outcome was not measured (not synthesised for this comparison; review-wide only one study reported quality of life). | NR | No studies |
Zinc oxide eugenol vs Alvogyl (old formulation) Swelling · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Zinc oxide eugenol vs Alvogyl (old formulation) Fever · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs Alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication, self-care or disease management) Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) (2022) · Cochrane | This outcome was not measured (not synthesised for this comparison; review-wide only one study reported additional physical symptoms). | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs Usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) (2022) · Cochrane | This outcome was not measured for this comparison. | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs Usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) (2022) · Cochrane | This outcome was not measured for this comparison. | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo Outcome NR · Immunosuppressed / immunocompromised patients (e.g. HIV infection, AIDS, diabetes, transplants) undergoing tooth… Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions (2021) · Cochrane | No studies: none of the 23 included trials evaluated tooth extraction in immunocompromised patients; subgroup analysis based on immune status was not possible as no such studies were identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo Outcome NR · Patients undergoing tooth extraction for severe dental caries or periodontal disease in general dental practice… Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions (2021) · Cochrane | No studies in general dental practice for removal of decayed teeth. PUB3 added one routine intra-alveolar extraction trial and one complex oral surgery trial (2 of 23 non-third-molar), but the single intra-alveolar… | 0 studies | No studies |
Coronectomy vs Complete extraction (odontectomy) Postoperative pain · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · 24 hours Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lingual nerve retractor (subperiosteal or Free's) vs No retractor Maximum mouth opening · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · 7 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Horizontal mattress / fibrin sealant suturing vs Conventional (simple interrupted) suturing Permanent altered tongue, chin, or lip sensation · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · >6 months Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lingual nerve retractor (subperiosteal or Free's) vs No retractor Wound infection · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · 1 week Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical removal (extraction) of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth vs Retention (conservative management) of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth Undesirable outcomes associated with removal (alveolar osteitis/postoperative infection, nerve injury, damage to adjacent teeth, bleeding, osteonecrosis, inflammation/infection) · Adolescents or adults with asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth Surgical removal versus retention for the management of asymptomatic disease‐free impacted wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | Undesirable outcomes associated with removal: Not measured. No included studies measured outcomes or adverse events associated with removal (alveolar osteitis/postoperative infection, nerve injury, damage to adjacent… | 0 studies | No studies |
Bone removal technique (chisel / piezoelectric / ultrasonic) vs Bur (conventional rotary) Adverse effects · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Irrigation technique A vs Irrigation technique B Permanent altered tongue, chin, or lip sensation · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · >6 months Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Horizontal mattress / fibrin sealant suturing vs Conventional (simple interrupted) suturing Postoperative pain · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · 24 hours Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Coronectomy vs Complete extraction (odontectomy) Adverse effects (root migration / fracture) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Irrigation technique A vs Irrigation technique B Adverse effects · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Coronectomy vs Complete extraction (odontectomy) Permanent altered sensation (inferior alveolar nerve damage) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · >6 months Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |